1.索引缺失

问题：

// No index on 'email' field
db.users.find({ email: "user@example.com" })

解決方案：

// Create index
db.users.createIndex({ email: 1 })

2.低效的 regex 查询

问题：

// Case-insensitive regex without index
db.users.find({ name: /john/i })

解決方案：

// Use text index or exact match
db.users.createIndex({ name: "text" })
db.users.find({ $text: { $search: "john" } })

3.大型跳过()操作

问题：

// Skipping thousands of documents
db.collection.find().skip(10000).limit(10)

解決方案：

// Use range queries with indexed field
db.collection.find({ _id: { $gt: lastSeenId } }).limit(10)

4.选择不必要的字段

问题：

// Fetching entire documents
db.users.find({ status: "active" })

解決方案：

// Use projection
db.users.find({ status: "active" }, { name: 1, email: 1 })

5.聚合管道效率低下

问题：

// $match after $lookup
db.orders.aggregate([
  { $lookup: { ... } },
  { $match: { status: "completed" } }
])

解決方案：

// $match first to reduce documents
db.orders.aggregate([
  { $match: { status: "completed" } },
  { $lookup: { ... } }
])

1.无界数组

问题：

// Array grows indefinitely
{
  userId: 123,
  activities: [/* thousands of items */]
}

解決方案：

// Use separate collection or bucketing
{
  userId: 123,
  month: "2024-01",
  activities: [/* limited items */]
}

2.过度嵌入

问题：

// Deeply nested documents
{
  user: {
    profile: {
      settings: {
        preferences: {
          // many levels deep
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

解決方案：

// Flatten or use references
{
  userId: 123,
  profileId: 456
}

3.大型文件

问题：

// Documents approaching 16MB limit
{
  data: "very large string...",
  attachments: [/* large binary data */]
}

解決方案：

// Store large data separately (GridFS or object storage)
{
  dataRef: "s3://bucket/key",
  attachments: [{ ref: "gridfs://id" }]
}

1.不使用连接池

问题：

// Creating new connection per request
app.get('/api/users', async (req, res) => {
  const client = await MongoClient.connect(uri);
  // ...
  await client.close();
});

解決方案：

// Reuse connection pool
const client = new MongoClient(uri, { maxPoolSize: 50 });
await client.connect();

app.get('/api/users', async (req, res) => {
  const db = client.db();
  // ...
});

2.不关闭光标

问题：

// Cursor left open
const cursor = db.collection.find();
// Never closed

解決方案：

// Always close cursors
const cursor = db.collection.find();
try {
  await cursor.forEach(doc => { /* process */ });
} finally {
  await cursor.close();
}

3.太多连接

问题：

// One connection per user session
const connections = new Map();
users.forEach(user => {
  connections.set(user.id, new MongoClient(uri));
});

解決方案：

// Share connection pool across application
const client = new MongoClient(uri);
// All users share the same pool

1.索引过多

问题：

// Index on every field
db.collection.createIndex({ field1: 1 })
db.collection.createIndex({ field2: 1 })
db.collection.createIndex({ field3: 1 })
// ... 20+ indexes

影响： 降低写入速度，增加存储空间。

解决方案： 只保留必要的索引，并使用复合索引。

2.复合索引中的索引顺序错误

问题：

// Query: { status: "active", createdAt: { $gt: date } }
// Index: { createdAt: 1, status: 1 }  // Wrong order

解決方案：

// Correct order: equality first, range second
db.collection.createIndex({ status: 1, createdAt: 1 })

3.不使用覆盖查询

问题：

// Index exists but query not covered
db.users.createIndex({ email: 1 })
db.users.find({ email: "user@example.com" }, { name: 1, email: 1 })
// Still fetches documents

解決方案：

// Include all projected fields in index
db.users.createIndex({ email: 1, name: 1 })
db.users.find({ email: "user@example.com" }, { name: 1, email: 1, _id: 0 })

CPU 警报

Condition: CPU > 80% for 10 consecutive minutes
Action: Send notification to ops team
Escalation: Page on-call if > 90% for 15 minutes

记忆警报

Condition: Memory > 85% for 15 consecutive minutes
Action: Send notification to ops team
Escalation: Auto-scale if > 95% for 10 minutes

复制延迟警报

Condition: Lag > 10 seconds
Action: Send notification immediately
Escalation: Page on-call if > 60 seconds

磁盘空间警报

Condition: Disk > 80%
Action: Send notification to ops team
Escalation: Create incident if > 90%