IBM Cloud Docs
Using Views

Using Views

Use views to search for content within a database that matches specific criteria. The criteria are specified within the view definition.

Criteria can also be supplied as arguments when you use the view.

Querying a view

To query a view, submit a GET request with the following format:

Method
Issue a partition query by using the following command, GET $SERVICE_URL/$DATABASE/_partition/$PARTITION_KEY/_design/$DDOC/_view/$VIEW_NAME. Or issue a global query by using the following command, GET $SERVICE_URL/$DATABASE/_design/$DDOC/_view/$VIEW_NAME.
Request
None
Response
JSON of the documents that are returned by the view.
Roles permitted
_reader

The request runs either:

  • The specified $VIEW_NAME from the specified $DDOC design document within the $DATABASE database, which is constrained to results within the specified $PARTITION_KEY data partition.
  • The specified $VIEW_NAME from the specified $DDOC design document within the $DATABASE database.

The examples in this document vary between partition and global queries for illustrative purposes. Unless otherwise noted, modifying the path to embed or remove the partition name works for any view query type.

Query and JSON Body Arguments

Global queries can use all query and JSON body arguments. Partition queries can use only the subset that is indicated in the table.

Table 1. Subset of query and JSON body arguments available for partitioned queries
Argument Description Optional Type Default Supported values Partition query
conflicts Specify whether to include a list of conflicted revisions in the _conflicts property of the returned document. Ignored if include_docs isn't set to true. Yes Boolean False Yes
descending Return the documents in descending by key order. Yes Boolean False Yes
end_key Stop returning records when the specified key is reached. Yes String or JSON array Yes
end_key_docid Stop returning records when the specified document ID is reached. Yes String Yes
group Specify whether to group reduced results by key. Valid only if a reduce function is defined in the view. If the view emits keys in JSON array format, then it is possible to reduce groups further based on the number of array elements with the group_level parameter. Yes Boolean False Yes
group_level Specify a group level to be used. Only applicable if the view uses keys that are JSON arrays. Implies group is true. Group level groups the reduced results by the specified number of array elements. If unset, results are grouped by the entire array key, returning a reduced value for each complete key. Yes Numeric Yes
include_docs Include the full content of the documents in the response. Yes Boolean False Yes
inclusive_end Include rows with the specified end_key. Yes Boolean True Yes
key Return only documents that match the specified key. Keys are JSON values, and must be URL encoded. Yes JSON array Yes
keys Specify to return only documents that match any of the specified keys. String representation of a JSON array of keys that match the key type that is emitted by the view function. Yes String or JSON array Yes
limit Limit the number of returned documents to the specified count. Yes Numeric Yes
reduce Use the reduce function. Yes Boolean True Yes
skip Skip this number of rows from the start. Yes Numeric 0 Yes
stable Specify whether to use the same replica of the index on each request. The default value false contacts all replicas and returns the result from the first, fastest responder. Setting it to true, when used with update=false, might improve consistency at the expense of increased latency and decreased throughput if the selected replica is not the fastest of the available replicas.

Note: In general, setting this parameter to true is discouraged and not recommended when you use update=true.

 Yes Boolean False No
stale

Note: stale is deprecated. Use stable and update instead.

Specify whether to use the results from a stale view without triggering a rebuild of all views within the encompassing design doc.

  • ok is equivalent to stable=true&update=false.
  • update_after is equivalent to stable=true&update=lazy.
 Yes String False No
start_key Return records, starting with the specified key. Yes String or JSON array Yes
start_key_docid Return records, starting with the specified document ID. Yes String Yes
update

Specify whether or not the view in question must be updated before you respond to the user.

  • true - Return results after the view is updated.
  • false - Return results without updating the view.
  • lazy - Return the view results without waiting for an update, but update them immediately after the request.
 Yes String True Yes

Using include_docs=true might have performance implications.

See the example of using HTTP to retrieve a list of the first 10 documents that include the full content of the documents from a partition of a database, applying a user-created view.

GET $SERVICE_URL/$DATABASE/_partition/$PARTITION_KEY/_design/$DDOC/_view/$VIEW_NAME?include_docs=true&limit=10 HTTP/1.1

See the example of using HTTP to retrieve a list of the first 10 documents from a database, applying a user-created view.

GET $SERVICE_URL/$DATABASE/_design/$DDOC/_view/$VIEW_NAME?limit=10 HTTP/1.1

See the example to retrieve a list of the first 10 documents that include the full content of them from the small-appliances partition of a database, applying the user-created byApplianceProdId view.

Client libraries use POST method instead of GET because they have the same behavior.

curl -X GET "$SERVICE_URL/products/_partition/small-appliances/_design/appliances/_view/byApplianceProdId?include_docs=true&limit=10"

import com.ibm.cloud.cloudant.v1.Cloudant;
import com.ibm.cloud.cloudant.v1.model.PostPartitionViewOptions;
import com.ibm.cloud.cloudant.v1.model.ViewResult;

Cloudant service = Cloudant.newInstance();

PostPartitionViewOptions viewOptions =
    new PostPartitionViewOptions.Builder()
        .db("products")
        .ddoc("appliances")
        .includeDocs(true)
        .limit(10)
        .partitionKey("small-appliances")
        .view("byApplianceProdId")
        .build();

ViewResult response =
    service.postPartitionView(viewOptions).execute()
        .getResult();

System.out.println(response);

const { CloudantV1 } = require('@ibm-cloud/cloudant');

const service = CloudantV1.newInstance({});

service.postPartitionView({
  db: 'products',
  ddoc: 'appliances',
  includeDocs: true,
  limit: 10,
  partitionKey: 'small-appliances',
  view: 'byApplianceProdId'
}).then(response => {
  console.log(response.result);
});

from ibmcloudant.cloudant_v1 import CloudantV1

service = CloudantV1.new_instance()

response = service.post_partition_view(
  db='products',
  ddoc='appliances',
  include_docs=True,
  limit=10,
  partition_key='small-appliances',
  view='byApplianceProdId'
).get_result()

print(response)

postPartitionViewOptions := service.NewPostPartitionViewOptions(
  "products",
  "small-appliances",
  "appliances",
  "byApplianceProdId",
)
postPartitionViewOptions.SetIncludeDocs(true)
postPartitionViewOptions.SetLimit(10)

viewResult, response, err := service.PostPartitionView(postPartitionViewOptions)
if err != nil {
  panic(err)
}

b, _ := json.MarshalIndent(viewResult, "", "  ")
fmt.Println(string(b))

The previous Go example requires the following import block:

import (
   "encoding/json"
   "fmt"
   "github.com/IBM/cloudant-go-sdk/cloudantv1"
)

All Go examples require the service object to be initialized. For more information, see the API documentation's Authentication section for examples.

See the example to retrieve a list of the first 10 documents from a database, applying the user-created getVerifiedEmails view.

Client libraries use POST method instead of GET because they have the same behavior.

curl -X GET "$SERVICE_URL/users/_design/allusers/_view/getVerifiedEmails?limit=10"

import com.ibm.cloud.cloudant.v1.Cloudant;
import com.ibm.cloud.cloudant.v1.model.PostViewOptions;
import com.ibm.cloud.cloudant.v1.model.ViewResult;

Cloudant service = Cloudant.newInstance();

PostViewOptions viewOptions = new PostViewOptions.Builder()
    .db("users")
    .ddoc("allusers")
    .view("getVerifiedEmails")
    .limit(10)
    .build();

ViewResult response =
    service.postView(viewOptions).execute()
        .getResult();

System.out.println(response);

const { CloudantV1 } = require('@ibm-cloud/cloudant');

const service = CloudantV1.newInstance({});

service.postView({
  db: 'users',
  ddoc: 'allusers',
  view: 'getVerifiedEmails',
  limit: 10
}).then(response => {
  console.log(response.result);
});

from ibmcloudant.cloudant_v1 import CloudantV1

service = CloudantV1.new_instance()

response = service.post_view(
  db='users',
  ddoc='allusers',
  view='getVerifiedEmails',
  limit=10
).get_result()

print(response)

postViewOptions := service.NewPostViewOptions(
  "users",
  "allusers",
  "getVerifiedEmails",
)

postViewOptions.SetLimit(10)

viewResult, response, err := service.PostView(postViewOptions)
if err != nil {
  panic(err)
}

b, _ := json.MarshalIndent(viewResult, "", "  ")
fmt.Println(string(b))

The previous Go example requires the following import block:

import (
   "encoding/json"
   "fmt"
   "github.com/IBM/cloudant-go-sdk/cloudantv1"
)

All Go examples require the service object to be initialized. For more information, see the API documentation's Authentication section for examples.

See the following example response to the request:

{
  "offset": 0,
  "rows": [
    {
      "id": "abc125",
      "key": "amelie.smith@aol.com",
      "value": [
        "Amelie Smith",
        true,
        "2020-04-24T10:42:59.000Z"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "abc123",
      "key": "bob.smith@aol.com",
      "value": [
        "Bob Smith",
        true,
        "2019-01-24T10:42:59.000Z"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "total_rows": 2
}

Indexes

When a view is defined in a design document, a corresponding index is also created, based on the information defined within the view. Use indexes to find documents by criteria other than their _id field. For example, you might select by a field, or combination of fields, or by a value that is computed by using the contents of the document. The index is populated as soon as the design document is created. On large databases, this process might take a while.

If one of the following events occurs, the index content is updated incrementally and automatically:

  • A new document is added to the database.
  • An existing document is deleted from the database.
  • An existing document in the database is updated.

View indexes are rebuilt entirely when the view definition changes, or when another view definition in the same design document changes. The rebuild ensures that changes to the view definitions are reflected in the view indexes. To ensure that the rebuild happens, a 'fingerprint' of the view definition is created whenever the design document is updated. If the fingerprint changes, then the view indexes are rebuilt.

View index rebuilds occur when you change any one view from all the views that are defined in the design document. For example, if you have a design document with three views, and you update the design document, all three view indexes within the design document are rebuilt. If you want to change a design document for a larger database, have a look at the Design document management guide.

If the database was updated recently, the results might be delayed when the view is accessed. The delay is affected by the number of changes to the database, and whether the view index isn't current because the database content was modified.

It isn't possible to eliminate these delays. For newly created databases, you might reduce the delays by creating the view definition in the design document in your database before you insert or update documents. Creating the view definition in the design document causes incremental updates to the index when the documents are inserted.

If speed of response is more important than having up-to-date data, an alternative is to allow users to access an old version of the view index. To allow access to an old version of the view index, use the update query string parameter when you make a view query.

If you want to save old index versions without incurring indexing processor usage, you can stop all indexes from building by setting "autoupdate": {"indexes": false}. Or you can stop views from auto-updating by adding one of the following options to a design document. You can stop all index types from indexing if you set "autoupdate": false.

See the following examples:

{
  "_id": "_design/lookup",
  "autoupdate": false,
  "views": {
    "view": {
      "map": "function(doc)..."
    }
  }
}

{
  "_id": "_design/lookup",
  "autoupdate": {"views": false},
  "views": {
    "view": {
      "map": "function(doc)..."
    }
  }
}

View freshness

By default, all index results reflect the current state of the database. IBM Cloudant builds its indexes automatically and asynchronously in the background. This practice usually means that the index is fully up to date when you query it. If not, by default, IBM Cloudant applies the remaining updates at query time.

IBM Cloudant provides a few parameters, described next to alter this behavior. We recommend against using them as the side-effects typically outweigh their benefit.

Parameters

The update option indicates whether you're prepared to accept view results without waiting for the view to be updated. The default value is true, meaning that the view is updated before results are returned. The lazy value means that the results are returned before the view is updated, but that the view must then be updated anyway.

While IBM Cloudant strives to keep indexes updated in the background, no guarantee exists about how out-of-date the view is when queried with update=false or update=lazy.

The stable option indicates whether you would prefer to get results from a single, consistent set of shards. The false value means that all available shard replicas are queried and IBM Cloudant uses the fastest response. By contrast, setting stable=true forces the database to use just one replica of the index.

Using stable=true can cause high latency as it consults only one of the copies of the index, even if the other copies would respond faster.

Combining parameters

If you specify stable=false and update=false, you see greater inconsistency between results, even for the same query and without making database changes. We recommend against this combination unless you are sure that your system can tolerate this behavior.

Sorting returned rows

The data that is returned by a view query is in the form of an array. Each element within the array is sorted by using standard UTF-8 sorting. The sort is applied to the key defined in the view function.

The basic order of the output is shown in the following table:

Table 2. Order of returned rows
Value Order
null First
false
true
Numbers
Text (lowercase)
Text (uppercase)
Arrays (according to the values of each element, by using the order given in this table)
Objects (according to the values of keys, in key order by using the order given in this table) Last

You can reverse the order of the returned view information by setting the descending query value true.

When you issue a view request that specifies the keys parameter, the results are returned in the same order as the supplied keys array.

See the example of using HTTP to request the records in reversed sort order:

GET $SERVICE_URL/$DATABASE/_design/$DDOC/_view/$VIEW_NAME?descending=true HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/json

See the example of requesting the records in reverse sort order.

Client libraries use POST method instead of GET because they have a similar behavior.

curl -X GET "$SERVICE_URL/users/_design/allusers/_view/getVerifiedEmails?descending=true"

import com.ibm.cloud.cloudant.v1.Cloudant;
import com.ibm.cloud.cloudant.v1.model.PostViewOptions;
import com.ibm.cloud.cloudant.v1.model.ViewResult;

Cloudant service = Cloudant.newInstance();

PostViewOptions viewOptions = new PostViewOptions.Builder()
    .db("users")
    .ddoc("allusers")
    .view("getVerifiedEmails")
    .descending(true)
    .build();

ViewResult response =
    service.postView(viewOptions).execute()
        .getResult();

System.out.println(response);

const { CloudantV1 } = require('@ibm-cloud/cloudant');

const service = CloudantV1.newInstance({});

service.postView({
  db: 'users',
  ddoc: 'allusers',
  view: 'getVerifiedEmails',
  descending: true
}).then(response => {
  console.log(response.result);
});

from ibmcloudant.cloudant_v1 import CloudantV1

service = CloudantV1.new_instance()

response = service.post_view(
  db='users',
  ddoc='allusers',
  view='getVerifiedEmails',
  descending=True
).get_result()

print(response)

postViewOptions := service.NewPostViewOptions(
  "users",
  "allusers",
  "getVerifiedEmails",
)

postViewOptions.SetDescending(true)

viewResult, response, err := service.PostView(postViewOptions)
if err != nil {
  panic(err)
}

b, _ := json.MarshalIndent(viewResult, "", "  ")
fmt.Println(string(b))

The previous Go example requires the following import block:

import (
   "encoding/json"
   "fmt"
   "github.com/IBM/cloudant-go-sdk/cloudantv1"
)

All Go examples require the service object to be initialized. For more information, see the API documentation's Authentication section for examples.

See the example response of requesting the records in reverse sort order:

{
  "total_rows": 2,
  "offset": 0,
  "rows": [
    {
      "id": "abc123",
      "key": "bob.smith@aol.com",
      "value": [
        "Bob Smith",
        true,
        "2019-01-24T10:42:59.000Z"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "abc125",
      "key": "amelie.smith@aol.com",
      "value": [
        "Amelie Smith",
        true,
        "2020-04-24T10:42:59.000Z"
      ]
    }
  ]
}

Specifying start and end keys

The start_key and end_key query arguments can be used to specify the range of values that are returned when querying the view.

The sort direction is always applied first. Next, filtering is applied by using the start_key and end_key query arguments. It is possible that no rows match your keyrange if sort and filter plans don't make sense when combined.

See the example of using HTTP to make a global query that includes start_key and end_key query arguments:

GET $SERVICE_URL/$DATABASE/_design/$DDOC/_view/$VIEW_NAME?start_key="alpha"&end_key="beta" HTTP/1.1

See the example of a global query that includes start_key and end_key query arguments.

Client libraries use POST method instead of GET because they have the same behavior.

curl -X GET "$SERVICE_URL/users/_design/allusers/_view/getVerifiedEmails?start_key=\"alpha\"&end_key=\"beta\""

import com.ibm.cloud.cloudant.v1.Cloudant;
import com.ibm.cloud.cloudant.v1.model.PostViewOptions;
import com.ibm.cloud.cloudant.v1.model.ViewResult;

Cloudant service = Cloudant.newInstance();

PostViewOptions viewOptions = new PostViewOptions.Builder()
    .db("users")
    .ddoc("allusers")
    .view("getVerifiedEmails")
    .startKey("alpha")
    .endKey("beta")
    .build();

ViewResult response =
    service.postView(viewOptions).execute()
        .getResult();

System.out.println(response);

const { CloudantV1 } = require('@ibm-cloud/cloudant');

const service = CloudantV1.newInstance({});

service.postView({
  db: 'users',
  ddoc: 'allusers',
  view: 'getVerifiedEmails',
  startKey: 'alpha',
  endKey: 'beta'
}).then(response => {
  console.log(response.result);
});

from ibmcloudant.cloudant_v1 import CloudantV1

service = CloudantV1.new_instance()

response = service.post_view(
  db='users',
  ddoc='allusers',
  view='getVerifiedEmails',
  start_key='alpha',
  end_key='beta'  
).get_result()

print(response)

postViewOptions := service.NewPostViewOptions(
  "users",
  "allusers",
  "getVerifiedEmails",
)

postViewOptions.StartKey = "alpha"
postViewOptions.EndKey = "beta"

viewResult, response, err := service.PostView(postViewOptions)
if err != nil {
  panic(err)
}

b, _ := json.MarshalIndent(viewResult, "", "  ")
fmt.Println(string(b))

The previous Go example requires the following import block:

import (
   "encoding/json"
   "fmt"
   "github.com/IBM/cloudant-go-sdk/cloudantv1"
)

All Go examples require the service object to be initialized. For more information, see the API documentation's Authentication section for examples.

For example, if you have a database that returns one result when you use a start_key of alpha and an end_key of beta, you would get a 400 (Bad request) error with a reversed order. The reason is that the entries in the view are reversed before the key filter is applied.

See the example that uses HTTP to illustrate why reversing the order of start_key and end_key might return a query parse error:

GET $SERVICE_URL/$DATABASE/_design/$DDOC/_view/$VIEW_NAME?descending=true&start_key="alpha"&end_key="beta" HTTP/1.1

See the example illustrating why reversing the order of start_key and end_key might cause a 400 error.

Client libraries use POST method instead of GET because they have the same behavior.

curl -X GET "$SERVICE_URL/users/_design/allusers/_view/getVerifiedEmails?descending=true&start_key=\"alpha\"&end_key=\"beta\""

import com.ibm.cloud.cloudant.v1.Cloudant;
import com.ibm.cloud.cloudant.v1.model.PostViewOptions;
import com.ibm.cloud.cloudant.v1.model.ViewResult;

Cloudant service = Cloudant.newInstance();

PostViewOptions viewOptions = new PostViewOptions.Builder()
    .db("users")
    .ddoc("allusers")
    .view("getVerifiedEmails")
    .descending(true)
    .startKey("alpha")
    .endKey("beta")
    .build();

ViewResult response =
    service.postView(viewOptions).execute()
        .getResult();

System.out.println(response);

const { CloudantV1 } = require('@ibm-cloud/cloudant');

const service = CloudantV1.newInstance({});

service.postView({
  db: 'users',
  ddoc: 'allusers',
  view: 'getVerifiedEmails',
  descending: true,
  startKey: 'alpha',
  endKey: 'beta'
}).then(response => {
  console.log(response.result);
});

from ibmcloudant.cloudant_v1 import CloudantV1

service = CloudantV1.new_instance()

response = service.post_view(
  db='users',
  ddoc='allusers',
  view='getVerifiedEmails',
  descending=True,  
  start_key='alpha',
  end_key='beta'  
).get_result()

print(response)

postViewOptions := service.NewPostViewOptions(
  "users",
  "allusers",
  "getVerifiedEmails",
)

postViewOptions.SetDescending(true)
postViewOptions.StartKey = "alpha"
postViewOptions.EndKey = "beta"

viewResult, response, err := service.PostView(postViewOptions)
if err != nil {
  panic(err)
}

b, _ := json.MarshalIndent(viewResult, "", "  ")
fmt.Println(string(b))

The previous Go example requires the following import block:

import (
   "encoding/json"
   "fmt"
   "github.com/IBM/cloudant-go-sdk/cloudantv1"
)

All Go examples require the service object to be initialized. For more information, see the API documentation's Authentication section for examples.

The end_key of beta is seen before the start_key of alpha, resulting in a query parse error.

The solution is to reverse not just the sort order, but also the start_key and end_key parameter values.

The following example shows correct filtering and reversing the order of output, by using the descending query argument, and reversing the start_key and end_key query arguments.

See the example that uses HTTP to apply correct filtering and sorting to a global query:

GET $SERVICE_URL/$DATABASE/_design/$DDOC/_view/$VIEW_NAME?descending=true&start_key="beta"&end_key="alpha" HTTP/1.1

See the example to apply correct filtering and sorting to a global query.

Client libraries use POST method instead of GET because they have the same behavior.

curl -X GET "$SERVER_URL/users/_design/allusers/_view/getVerifiedEmails?descending=true&start_key=\"beta\"&end_key=\"alpha\""

import com.ibm.cloud.cloudant.v1.Cloudant;
import com.ibm.cloud.cloudant.v1.model.PostViewOptions;
import com.ibm.cloud.cloudant.v1.model.ViewResult;

Cloudant service = Cloudant.newInstance();

PostViewOptions viewOptions = new PostViewOptions.Builder()
    .db("users")
    .ddoc("allusers")
    .view("getVerifiedEmails")
    .descending(true)
    .startKey("beta")
    .endKey("alpha")
    .build();

ViewResult response =
    service.postView(viewOptions).execute()
        .getResult();

System.out.println(response);

const { CloudantV1 } = require('@ibm-cloud/cloudant');

const service = CloudantV1.newInstance({});

service.postView({
  db: 'users',
  ddoc: 'allusers',
  view: 'getVerifiedEmails',
  descending: true,
  startKey: 'beta',
  endKey: 'alpha'
}).then(response => {
  console.log(response.result);
});

from ibmcloudant.cloudant_v1 import CloudantV1

service = CloudantV1.new_instance()

response = service.post_view(
  db='users',
  ddoc='allusers',
  view='getVerifiedEmails',
  descending=True,  
  start_key='beta',
  end_key='alpha'  
).get_result()

print(response)

postViewOptions := service.NewPostViewOptions(
  "users",
  "allusers",
  "getVerifiedEmails",
)

postViewOptions.SetDescending(true)
postViewOptions.StartKey = "beta"
postViewOptions.EndKey = "alpha"

viewResult, response, err := service.PostView(postViewOptions)
if err != nil {
  panic(err)
}

b, _ := json.MarshalIndent(viewResult, "", "  ")
fmt.Println(string(b))

The previous Go example requires the following import block:

import (
   "encoding/json"
   "fmt"
   "github.com/IBM/cloudant-go-sdk/cloudantv1"
)

All Go examples require the service object to be initialized. For more information, see the API documentation's Authentication section for examples.

Querying a view by using a list of keys

You can also run a query by providing a list of keys to use.

Requesting information from a database in this way uses the specified $VIEW_NAME from the specified $DDOC design document. Like the keys parameter for the GET method, you can use the POST method to specify the keys to use to retrieve the view results. In all other aspects, the POST method is the same as the GET API request. In particular, you can use any of its query parameters in either the query string or the JSON body.

See the example HTTP request that returns all users, where the key for the view matches either amelie.smith@aol.com or bob.smith@aol.com:

POST $SERVICE_URL/$DATABASE/_design/$DDOC/_view/$VIEW_NAME HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: application/json

{
  "keys": [
    "amelie.smith@aol.com",
    "bob.smith@aol.com"
  ]
}

See the example of a global query that returns all users (where the key for the view matches is either amelie.smith@aol.com or bob.smith@aol.com):

curl -X POST "$SERVICE_URL/users/_design/allusers/_view/getVerifiedEmails" -H "Content-Type: application/json" --data '{
  "keys": [
    "amelie.smith@aol.com",
    "bob.smith@aol.com"
  ]
}'

import com.ibm.cloud.cloudant.v1.Cloudant;
import com.ibm.cloud.cloudant.v1.model.PostViewOptions;
import com.ibm.cloud.cloudant.v1.model.ViewResult;

import java.util.Arrays;

Cloudant service = Cloudant.newInstance();

PostViewOptions viewOptions = new PostViewOptions.Builder()
    .db("users")
    .ddoc("allusers")
    .view("getVerifiedEmails")
    .keys(Arrays.asList("amelie.smith@aol.com", "bob.smith@aol.com"))
    .build();

ViewResult response =
    service.postView(viewOptions).execute()
        .getResult();

System.out.println(response);

const { CloudantV1 } = require('@ibm-cloud/cloudant');

const service = CloudantV1.newInstance({});

service.postView({
  db: 'users',
  ddoc: 'allusers',
  view: 'getVerifiedEmails',
  keys: ['amelie.smith@aol.com', 'bob.smith@aol.com']
}).then(response => {
  console.log(response.result);
});

from ibmcloudant.cloudant_v1 import CloudantV1

service = CloudantV1.new_instance()

response = service.post_view(
  db='users',
  ddoc='allusers',
  view='getVerifiedEmails',
  keys=['amelie.smith@aol.com', 'bob.smith@aol.com']
).get_result()

print(response)

postViewOptions := service.NewPostViewOptions(
  "users",
  "allusers",
  "getVerifiedEmails",
)

keys := []interface{}{"amelie.smith@aol.com", "bob.smith@aol.com"}
postViewOptions.SetKeys(keys)

viewResult, response, err := service.PostView(postViewOptions)
if err != nil {
  panic(err)
}

b, _ := json.MarshalIndent(viewResult, "", "  ")
fmt.Println(string(b))

The previous Go example requires the following import block:

import (
   "encoding/json"
   "fmt"
   "github.com/IBM/cloudant-go-sdk/cloudantv1"
)

All Go examples require the service object to be initialized. For more information, see the API documentation's Authentication section for examples.

The response contains the standard view information, but only documents where the keys match.

See the example response after you run a query by using a list of keys:

{
  "total_rows": 2,
  "offset": 0,
  "rows": [
    {
      "id": "abc125",
      "key": "amelie.smith@aol.com",
      "value": [
        "Amelie Smith",
        true,
        "2020-04-24T10:42:59.000Z"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "abc123",
      "key": "bob.smith@aol.com",
      "value": [
        "Bob Smith",
        true,
        "2019-01-24T10:42:59.000Z"
      ]
    }
  ]
}

Multi-document fetching

The following section covers a POST request to many documents from a database.

For a client application, this technique is more efficient than using multiple GET API requests.

However, include_docs=true might require extra processing time when compared to accessing the view on its own.

The reason is that by using include_docs=true in a view query, all of the result documents must be retrieved to construct the response for the client application. In effect, a whole series of document GET requests are run, each of which competes for resources with other application requests.

One way to mitigate this effect is by retrieving results directly from the view index file. Omit include_docs=true to retrieve results directly from the view index file. Instead, in the map function in a design document, emit the fields that are required as the value for the view index.

For example, in your map function, you might use the following design specification:

function(user) {
  if(user.email_verified === true) {
    emit(user.email, {name: user.name, email_verified: user.email_verified, joined: user.joined});
  }
}

See the example request that uses HTTP to obtain the full content of documents that match the listed keys within a partition:

POST $SERVICE_URL/$DATABASE/_partition/$PARTITION_KEY/_design/$DDOC/_view/$VIEW_NAME HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: application/json

{
  "include_docs": true,
  "keys" : [
    "1000043",
    "1000044"
  ]
}

See the example request to obtain the full content of documents that match the listed keys within the products partition:

curl -X POST "$SERVICE_URL/products/_partition/small-appliances/_design/appliances/_view
/byApplianceProdId" -H "Content-Type: application/json" --data '{
  "include_docs": true,
  "keys" : [
    "1000043",
    "1000044"
  ]
}'

import com.ibm.cloud.cloudant.v1.Cloudant;
import com.ibm.cloud.cloudant.v1.model.PostPartitionViewOptions;
import com.ibm.cloud.cloudant.v1.model.ViewResult;

import java.util.Arrays;

Cloudant service = Cloudant.newInstance();

PostPartitionViewOptions viewOptions =
    new PostPartitionViewOptions.Builder()
        .db("products")
        .ddoc("appliances")
        .keys(Arrays.asList("1000043", "1000044"))
        .includeDocs(true)
        .partitionKey("small-appliances")
        .view("byApplianceProdId")
        .build();

ViewResult response =
    service.postPartitionView(viewOptions).execute()
        .getResult();

System.out.println(response);

const { CloudantV1 } = require('@ibm-cloud/cloudant');

const service = CloudantV1.newInstance({});

service.postPartitionView({
  db: 'products',
  ddoc: 'appliances',
  keys: ['1000043', '1000044'],
  includeDocs: true,
  partitionKey: 'small-appliances',
  view: 'byApplianceProdId'
}).then(response => {
  console.log(response.result);
});

from ibmcloudant.cloudant_v1 import CloudantV1

service = CloudantV1.new_instance()

response = service.post_partition_view(
  db='products',
  ddoc='appliances',
  keys=['1000043', '1000044'],
  include_docs=True,  
  partition_key='small-appliances',
  view='byApplianceProdId'
).get_result()

print(response)

postPartitionViewOptions := service.NewPostPartitionViewOptions(
  "products",
  "small-appliances",
  "appliances",
  "byApplianceProdId",
)

keys := []interface{}{"1000043", "1000044"}
postPartitionViewOptions.SetKeys(keys)
postPartitionViewOptions.SetIncludeDocs(true)

viewResult, response, err := service.PostPartitionView(postPartitionViewOptions)
if err != nil {
  panic(err)
}

b, _ := json.MarshalIndent(viewResult, "", "  ")
fmt.Println(string(b))

The previous Go example requires the following import block:

import (
   "encoding/json"
   "fmt"
   "github.com/IBM/cloudant-go-sdk/cloudantv1"
)

All Go examples require the service object to be initialized. For more information, see the API documentation's Authentication section for examples.

See the example (abbreviated) response, returning the full document for each appliance that matches a provided key:

{
  "total_rows": 4,
  "offset": 1,
  "rows": [
    {
      "id": "small-appliances:1000043",
      "key": "1000043",
      "value": [
        "Bar",
        "Pro",
        "A professional, high powered innovative tool with a sleek design and outstanding performance"
      ],
      "doc": {
        "_id": "small-appliances:1000043",
        "_rev": "2-b595c929aabc3ab13415cd0cc03e665d",
        "type": "product",
        "taxonomy": [
          "Home",
          "Kitchen",
          "Small Appliances"
        ],
        "keywords": [
          "Bar",
          "Blender",
          "Kitchen"
        ],
        "productId": "1000043",
        "brand": "Bar",
        "name": "Pro",
        "description": "A professional, high powered innovative tool with a sleek design and outstanding performance",
        "colours": [
          "black"
        ],
        "price": 99.99,
        "image": "assets/img/barpro.jpg"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "small-appliances:1000044",
      "key": "1000044",
      "value": [
        "Baz",
        "Omelet Maker",
        "Easily make delicious and fluffy omelets without flipping - Innovative design - Cooking and cleaning is easy"
      ],
      "doc": {
        "_id": "small-appliances:1000044",
        "_rev": "2-d54d022a9407ab9f06b1889cb2ab8a6e",
        "type": "product",
        "taxonomy": [
          "Home",
          "Kitchen",
          "Small Appliances"
        ],
        "keywords": [
          "Baz",
          "Maker",
          "Kitchen"
        ],
        "productId": "1000044",
        "brand": "Baz",
        "name": "Omelet Maker",
        "description": "Easily make delicious and fluffy omelets without flipping - Innovative design - Cooking and cleaning is easy",
        "colours": [
          "black"
        ],
        "price": 29.99,
        "image": "assets/img/bazomeletmaker.jpg"
      }
    }
  ]
}